Automation is a process in which an idea is implemented to reduce human effort in the overall process. It's widely used in industrial areas, as man power is applied more. so, in order to reduce the man power we're going for automation of work group.
Automation comes under different ways in the application point of you. some of them are like power station automation , substation automation, industrial automation, and so on. We can apply automation anywhere we needed depending up on the requirement, purpose and utilization of resource is to be done.
Automation have following advantages in any application:
- Low cost of operation
- Productivity increases
- production cost decreases
- overall capital cost will be low
- control is easy.
The automation of industrial processes supports the storage, transportation, and
transformation of raw materials into useful products. Processes can be classified into batch and continuous processes.
Batch processes are characterized by the production of a given amount of product in batches (e.g., pills, cakes, or beer). Continuous processes transform raw materials into finished or semi-finished products, usually in a steady-state process.
Examples of the process industries include food and beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, metals, pulp and paper, cement, and (although the "product" is not physical), power generation. Sensors (e.g., flowmeters or thermometers) are used to get information about the process, and actuators (e.g.,valves,pumps,or heat exchangers) can be used to influence the process.
Automation of industrial processes usually requires lots of continuous signals and closed-loop control. The process models are often complex, based, for example, on non-linear differential equations. In many cases sufficiently precise process models cannot be obtained with reasonable effort, and therefore closed-loop control needs to be applied.
Manufacturing processes like the production of automobiles or electronic devices are concerned with discrete items and can normally be precisely modeled, for example with Petrinets. Automation of discrete manufacturing processes is usually done with binary signals and open loop control.
